A Main Class in Java Contains the Main Method

A Main Class in Java Contains the Main Method All Java programs must have an entry point, which is always the main() method. Whenever the program is called, it automatically executes the main() method first. The main() method can appear in any class that is part of an application, but if the application is a complex containing multiple files, it is common to create a separate class just for main().  The main class can have any name, although typically it will just be called Main. What Does the Main Method Do? The main() method is the key to making a Java program executable. Here is the basic syntax for a main() method: public class MyMainClass { public static void main(String[] args) { // do something here... }} Note that the main() method is defined within curly braces and is declared with three keywords: public, static and void : public: This method is public and therefore available to anyone.static: This method can be run without having to create an instance of the class MyClass.void: This method does not return anything.(String[] args): This method takes a String argument. Note that the argument args can be anything  - its common to use args but we could instead call it stringArray. Now lets add some code to the main() method so that it does something: public class MyMainClass { public static void main(String[] args) { System.out.println(Hello World!); }} This is the traditional Hello World! program, as simple as it gets. This main() method simply prints the words Hello World! In a real program, however, the main() method just starts the action and does not actually perform it. Generally, the main() method parses  any command line arguments, does some setup or checking, and then initializes one or more objects that continue the work of the program.   Separate Class or Not? As the entry point into a program, the main() method has an important place, but programmers do not all agree on what it should contain and to what degree it should be integrated with other functionality. Some argue that the main() method should appear where it intuitively belongs - somewhere at the top of your program.  For example, this design incorporates main() directly into the class that creates a server: However, some programmers point out that putting the main() method into its own class can help make the Java components you are creating reusable. For example, the design below creates a separate class for the main() method, thus allowing the class ServerFoo to be called by other programs or methods: Elements of the Main Method Wherever you place the main() method, it should contain certain elements since it is the entry point to your program. These might include a check for any preconditions for running your program. For example, if your program interacts with a database, the main() method might be the logical place to test basic database connectivity before moving on to other functionality. Or if authentication is required, you would probably put the login information in main(). Ultimately, the design and location of main() are completely subjective. Practice and experience will help you determine where best to put main(), depending on the requirements of your program.

Exploring the Causal Factors of Rape and Murder

Exploring the Causal Factors of Rape and Murder Hashtag: # Ãâ€"zgecanAslan (Ozgecan Aslan – Name of Turkish Student) Discrimination in Society Two of the three victims of February 10, 2015, Chapel Hill shooting were female university students at the University of North Carolina. A day later, # Ãâ€"zgecanAslan, a female university psychology student at Cag University in Turkey, was murdered and burned by three men. This brutality caused an outcry and thousands of women went to the street to protest her death and blamed Turkey government’s â€Å"systematic misogynist policy† for the rising incidents of abuses against women. The victims were university students, female, innocent or unsuspecting, brutally killed by a stronger male, and belonging to a similar religion. The female students in the Chapel Hill incident were Muslim, brutality shot in the head just outside their home, and murdered by a male anti-theist neighbor. Similarly, Ozgecan Aslan, a 20-year-old Muslim schoolgirl was on her way home from school when the three men (bus driver, his father, and a friend) who were trying to rape her stabbed her to death, burned and threw her body in a river. These incidents are similarly in some aspects. For instance, many people think that the Chapel Hill North Carolina incident was a â€Å"faith Hate† crime while protesters supporting think that # Ãâ€"zgecanAslan case is Misogyny, which by definition is also a Hate Crime but specific to femininity. They are both results of discrimination in society, crime against the helpless and perpetrated by ordinary men rather than known criminals. Get more information here: Womens Right to Education Contributing Factors of Student Suicides The Killing of Three Muslin-American College Students Students Right to Conscientious Objection Relieving Students School-Related Stress Misogyny according to literature is a male malady, a very primitive or stone aged view of women. Moreover, it is pervasive, persistent, and pernicious sexual prejudice. A government supporting this practice, therefore, is not only responsible for allowing continuity of such imprudent primitive concept but also encouraging violence against women. Female Students Vulnerability to Crime The result of study regarding victims of crime suggests that the real indicator of vulnerability to crime is not only helplessness but also a person’s lifestyle. Individuals spending time in public places such as working people, students, teachers, teenagers are most at risk. In fact, the survey shows that serious violent crimes against students often occurred away from school. Although anyone can be a victim, female students are more vulnerable than male. In 1990, four unsuspecting female students of University of Florida were brutally murdered inside in their college apartment by Danny Rolling, a man who instead of feeling sorry for what he did, repeatedly sang â€Å"None greater than thee, oh Lord† before he died in the chamber in 2006. Females are thought to be physically weaker thus is easier for a man to overpower a woman. For instance, the result of Crime Victimization Survey of students in Toronto High School in Canada suggests that 13% of female students experienced three or more sexual assaults while most violence occurring in school are hate crimes. However, like # Ãâ€"zgecanAslan, there are women that are resilient and take reasonable actions against their attacker. They can be aggressive and can afford to stand up to stronger men particularly when inhibiting violence.

Prohibition of Torture in the case of Guantanamo Bay Essay

Prohibition of Torture in the case of Guantanamo Bay - Essay Example As much as people tend to think that it is something of the past, it indeed happens more than it is thought of. Democratic countries such the United States of America which are said to uphold human rights are in fact culprits of condoning torture. For example, there has been a lot of evidence through videos leaked through the internet and other forms of media that implicate the United States of America condoning torture in Guantanamo bay. The first Government official to accept that indeed torture did take place in Guantanamo bay detention camp was Secretary of Defense Robert Gates. What is the Guantanamo Bay Detention camp? After the 2001 terrorist attack, the United States government opened a military interrogation and detainment camp in the Guantanamo Bay Naval Base in Cuba.2 This camp was meant for holding and interrogating detainees suspected to be terrorists. This mainly focused on the war in Iraq and Afghanistan. Guantanamo Bay detention camp is divided into three sections, th at is; Camp X-ray camp delta and camp Iguana. Camp iguana was meant to hold detainees considered to be children (those under the age of 16 years). â€Å"Camp X-ray was the first section set up to detain suspected terrorist but was later replaced by camp delta since it was a temporarily section.†3 The first detainees to be detained in Guantanamo bay detention camp were brought on January 11, 2002.... One characteristic in the two is the use of torture. In the Middle East, Israel can be used as an example. This is because; Israel is also sensitive to terrorist attacks as much as the United States of America. This is as a result of its conflicts with her neighbors especially Palestine. In both scenarios detention of terror suspects is done without any court process. In the Middle East, there are various methods of torture. One such method is suffocating of suspects using a towel and water during interrogation. This is where a prisoner is held down or strapped facing upward and his face covered with a towel or a cloth. Water is then poured on the towel. â€Å"The process of water interrogation creates a drowning feeling†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...’ The same is done in Guantanamo Bay detention camp. In both Guantanamo Bay detention camp and detention camps in Israel, water interrogation is the most used form of torture during interrogation. In the Middle East detainees are also emotiona lly tortured, and they are subjected to a lot of humiliation. For example, in Iraq, there have been reports of women detainees being stripped naked. Iraqi soldiers and policemen are known for their inhumane way of handling detainees and prisoners. They mistreat them to the extent of even urinating on them. The same was going on in Guantanamo bay detention camp. Lesser Ethics in Relation to Torture and the Geneva Conventions Terrorism has brought about a new debate not only in the United States of America, but in the whole world as well. This is because the Geneva Convention prohibits torture of any soldier, detainee, civilian and prisoners of war. The Geneva conventions are treaties signed by the international community.

The Communication Effect on a Family Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Communication Effect on a Family - Essay Example The essay "The Communication Effect on a Family" analyzes the research on how communication affects a family. The miscommunication is attributed to poor communication or lack of a common language between two people, ideally, this is triggered by the different viewpoints of speaking held by specific people. Basically, its major area of concern is the larger sense of community and indeed the whole human system in general. According to interaction view, each and every behavior is considered to be a way of communication thus it is totally impossible to evade communication. Communication can be perceived to be avoided but the use of non-verbal communication is one way of passing information. Silence is usually attributed to some issues which are considered to be completely beyond our reach or control thus rendering the idea of no communication to be totally impossible. For instance, I am a Chinese student studying in America but it would be impossible not to communicate to my family back in China. Basically, every form of communication is made up of specific content with regard to the relationship between the two parties involved. Generally, all communications contain specific meaning as per the words used and to the person, the information is intended to be delivered to. On the other hand, the information is based on how the sender or the speaker intends for his or her information to be perceived by the receiver. For instance, I always prefer to communicate with my family using Skype. not because I can not reach them through an ordinary phone but it’s due to the general perception of how the content of information I intend to deliver to them is perceived, ideally the relationship we have is the core factor of why the best method of communication is preferred between me and my parents therefore the viability of how and what the communicator said lies in the ability of one to interpret both the verbal and non-verbal aspects of communication. Metacommunication is generally regarded to be the core relational aspect of any interaction between two or more people. Punctuation also plays a critical role in determining the nature of relationship between the sender and the recipient of a certain massage. Both the sender and recipient of information behave in a different manner during the entire process of communication however these forms of behaviors are attributed to their partner’s reactions, ideally there is the feeling from both sides of partners with each side believing that the other partner is the main reason behind the strange behavior. There is need of punctuating the whole communication thus terming one part of it as the cause while the other part is referred to as the main response. There are several instances that occur in line with other subsequent events, basically this implies that when one event happens then most definitely it would trigger the other adjacent event to follow suit. This case applies to me when I do not tal k or communicate to my family back in china through the Skype then most definitely I will be depressed or have quilt feelings of breaking down communication to people who are so dear to

Website Review and Summary Essay Example for Free

Website Review and Summary Essay Infant Mortality Infant mortality is a serious matter when it concerns the life of an infant. Many individuals and families have had to face the death of a child in one way or another. Infant mortality can cause devastating implications for all those involved. The awareness of assistance offered from local, state and national government agencies are available for those who have experience the death of an infant. One way to provide information would be to understand what public and community health is all about. Public and Community health is important and researching related websites can benefit those who are interested. This paper will address and compare how local, state and national government websites address specific information regarding infant mortality. In addition, information will be explored specifically related to whether or not the information found in the websites overlap, what type of structure is identified between the levels of government, what functions are seen at each level of government, and how the levels of government work together specifically regarding infant mortality. Defining Public and Community Health. First of all, public health deals with promoting health through the communication and organizational efforts to assist health care providers, the public, the communities and individuals. (Kleinfelder, 2013). To be honest, for the most part, people refer to public health simply as â€Å"free†, meaning a place to go when they need state and federally funded vaccinations, influenza and pneumonia shots, wellness prevention, and tuberculine screening for health care workers to mention a few. As far as community health, this addresses issues through education, research on diseases, injury prevention and the promotion of healthy lifestyles. How  does the information overlap? When researching for the sole purpose of obtaining information specifically related to infant mortality, many websites are reviewed. The information identified did at times overlap such as the percentages of infant deaths at the local and state levels as opposed to the United States percentage of infant deaths, meaning the percentages were typically the same. In addition, the top rated causes of infant deaths from one website to the next were similar such as sudden infant death syndrome, premature births, very low birth weights and birth defects. Types of structure and function identified between levels of government. Each level of the government whether local, state or national, has their own processes and procedures to handle concerns affecting the people. The structure at the state level governs over the city, or local counties. When an issue arises that local and state levels cannot handle, national levels will assist to resolve those issues. The purpose of understanding the structures among the government levels is not only to figure out how to identify, analyze, plan and implement resolutions to health concerns, such as infant mortality, it is also important understand the funding for health care and other needs of the people. In the eyes of the people it must prove its legitimacy to remain in office. According to Beitsch LM, Brooks, Grigg Menachemi, (2006), â€Å"A strong infrastructure is required to perform public health services and to protect the public from environmental toxins, influenza, chronic diseases, and unacceptable rates of infant mortality. State health agencies must be able to provide the core functions of public health, assessment, policy development, and assurance across the domains of health protection and health promotion activities.† The local and state agency’s focus on decreasing infant death. To accomplish this, the government provides funding to enable state-based programs the ability to perform surveillance to gather information that would enable a decline in maternal and infant mortality. The purpose of the information gathered is used to develop the health programs associated with infant mortality or other health related issues. In addition, the ability to identify infant mortality risks rests on the shoulders of local and state agencies. These agencies use of pregnancy risk assessment monitoring systems data to complete this task. On  a national level, the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services will work with state agencies to develop a national strategy for addressing all health related issues. (Riegelman, 2010). How do the levels of government work together? All agencies work in a collaborative effort to improve women’s health prior to pregnancy, promote quality prenatal care, strengthening surveillance and research, including prevention and overall health promotion. According to Beitsch, Brooks, Grigg Menachemi, (2006). â€Å"The goals of these agencies communicate with the main objective to improve access to quality pre-conception, peri-conception, and prenatal health care across racial/ethnic and geographical divides, and to provide the best available care to mothers and infants.† Conclusion In all reality, despite the efforts of all levels of government health agencies, the probability of the concerns surrounding infant mortality will continue simply due to the ignorance and negligence of the American public to simple choose not to do the right thing. All levels of government, whether local, state or national, infant mortality is a health concern to be reckoned with. We, as a community, have an obligation to understand that educating ourselves through research and reviewing websites for knowledge is key to resolve all public and community health concerns on all levels. The paper did explore information related to websites address the type of structure between the levels of government, what functions are seen at each level of government, and how the levels of government work together specifically regarding infant mortality. The ability to promote educational programs to prevent a death of an infant is a necessity to ensure lifelong happiness. References Beitsch LM, Brooks RG, Grigg M, Menachemi N. Structure and Functions of State Public Health Agencies. American Journal of Public Health. 2006; 96(1):167-172. Doi:10.2105/AJPH.2004.053439. Kleinfelder, J., (2013). What is the difference between community health and public health? Retrieved from http://wwwresearchgate./post/What_is_the_diffe†¦ Riegelman, R. K. (2010). Public health 101: Healthy people—healthy populations. Sudbury, MA: Jones and Bartlett.

Team Work Scenarios Essay -- Ethics Team Working Together Essays

Team Work Scenarios Learning Team Each team should respond in paragraph form to the questions that follow the scenarios presented below. Any disagreements or complications that occur within the team regarding the correct response should be noted in the Learning Team Reflection Worksheet for the week. SCENARIOS Duty-based (Deontological): 1. Donna was wrong for setting rules for the team without any input from Michael. He is not going to follow the rules if there was no buy-in on the rules. Donna and Michael should renegotiate the rules together and come up with a set of rules with which both are comfortable. If that doesn?t work, try to get another team member (or a member from another team) to mediate between the two. 2. Stephanie should not lie for her teammates. If ... Team Work Scenarios Essay -- Ethics Team Working Together Essays Team Work Scenarios Learning Team Each team should respond in paragraph form to the questions that follow the scenarios presented below. Any disagreements or complications that occur within the team regarding the correct response should be noted in the Learning Team Reflection Worksheet for the week. SCENARIOS Duty-based (Deontological): 1. Donna was wrong for setting rules for the team without any input from Michael. He is not going to follow the rules if there was no buy-in on the rules. Donna and Michael should renegotiate the rules together and come up with a set of rules with which both are comfortable. If that doesn?t work, try to get another team member (or a member from another team) to mediate between the two. 2. Stephanie should not lie for her teammates. If ...

Guiding Procedures for Response to Emergency Situations

GUIDING PROCEDURES TO RESPOND TO EMERGENCY SITUATIONS ON CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS By Maj  ® Muhammad Ijaz Student MS Disaster Management-2012 at NUST (MCE) Introduction Construction projects involve use of heavy machinery, execution of numerous work activities simultaneously. Working environment like in Pakistan where safety culture does not prevail results in increased vulnerability to accidents thus frequent emergency situations on construction projects. The author being a Project Manager on construction projects have experienced number of emergency situation involving loss of life of worker.The Safety Rules requires that the constructor shall establish Emergency Response Procedures for every project, Life Insurance of worker is also mandatory clause of the contract agreement in Pakistan but normally not implemented in letter and sprite. This article will be useful to assist constructors in developing Emergency Response Procedures. Detailed Emergency Plan helps to minimize the human suffering and economic losses that can result from emergencies. It should be understood that the size and complexity of projects, as well as their access and location, have a bearing on the degree of planning necessary for emergencies.It is therefore strongly recommended that the constructor ensure that a member of staff on site assist in developing the emergency response plan. The Planning Process Planning shall begin before any work commences on the project. Although there may be little time between the award of the contract and the start of the project, a good emergency response plan can be generic and, with some minor changes, can be easily adapted to specific sites and readily implemented.This is especially the case where a constructor specializes in similar types of projects. For meaningful Development of Response Plan following considerations should be kept in mind: 1) Identification and assessment of hazard 2) Assessment of resources 3) Mean of communication 4) Implementati on of the plan 5) Basic Principles 6) Sharing the Procedure 7) Post Emergency Consideration Each of these points is explained in the following sections. Identification and assessment of hazardThe process of hazard identification and assessment involves a thorough review that should include, but not be limited to, the following points: †¢ Transportation, materials handling, hoisting, equipment or product installation, temporary structures, material storage, start-up, and commissioning activities †¢ Environmental concerns †¢ Consultation with the client regarding potential hazards when working in or adjacent to operating facilities †¢ Resources such as material safety data sheets (MSDSs) to determine potential hazards from on-site materials. †¢ Proximity to traffic and public ways.Because construction sites are frequently fast-changing, the process of hazard assessment must be ongoing to accommodate the dynamic environment. Once hazards are identified, the nex t task is to assess the potential or risk involved in each. For each hazard identified, ask: †¢ What can go wrong? †¢ What are the consequences? For each potential hazard it is important to identify resources necessary for an appropriate emergency response. For most events in construction, a simple analysis based on the experience of the people involved on the project is likely sufficient.Assessment of resources It is important to identify which resources are available and have contingency plans in place to make up for any deficiencies. The most important resource on most projects will be a provincial rescue system like 1122. It is essential to verify that rescue system is in effect in the area. Most cities of Punjab have a 1122 system in place, but it is important to know the facilities or limitations available in that location. Is a high-reach rescue team available? What is the response time? What must site personnel do in the meantime?Other on-site resources such as fir e extinguishers, spills containment equipment, and first aid kits must be maintained and clearly identified. Construction equipment may be included among potential emergency resources. Personnel, especially on-site medical staff or workers trained in first aid, should be included in the plan. There may be situations where outside resources are so far away that an adequate response is not possible. In these situations, resources may have to be obtained and kept on site. Examples would include fire protection or ambulance/medical resources in remote areas.Whatever the situation may be, people, equipment, facilities, and materials are needed for emergency response. Where they will come from must be determined in advance. Moreover, the people supplying these resources must be made aware of their role in the plan. Mean of communication An important key to effective emergency response is a communications system that can relay accurate information quickly. To do this, reliable communicatio ns equipment must be used, procedures developed, and personnel trained. It is a good idea to have a backup system in place, in case the ystem is rendered useless by the emergency. For example, telephone lines may be cut. The type and location of emergency communication systems must be posted on the project. This will include location of telephones, a list of site personnel with cellular phones or two-way radios, and any other equipment available. Emergency phone numbers and the site address/location should be posted beside all site phones. On large sites, the location of emergency phones must be clearly marked. The poster like Emergency Response can be used to record this and other information.A communication system must be made up of strategically placed equipment and properly defined responsibilities. The emergency response plan posted in a conspicuous place on the project must identify the designated equipment and the people to operate it. Implementation of the plan The task of a dministering and organizing the plan is vital to its effectiveness. The person who has this task will normally be the person in charge of the emergency response operation or may be assigned to Quality Control Manager (QCM).It is their task to ensure that everyone clearly understands their roles and responsibilities within the emergency response plan (a chart may be helpful in this regard), that emergency resources, whether people or equipment, are kept at adequate levels in step with the progress of the project. It is very important to review the emergency plan on a regular basis and especially after an emergency has occurred. Changes may be necessary where deficiencies became apparent as the plan went into operation. Basic Principles An emergency can be reported from any source i. e. orker on site, an outside agency, or the public. Remember that circumstances may change during the course of an emergency. Any procedures you develop must be able to respond to the ongoing situation. T he following list covers basic actions to take in an emergency. These steps apply to almost any emergency and should be followed in sequence. †¢ Stay calm. †¢ Assess the situation. †¢ Take command. †¢ Provide protection. †¢ Aid and manage. †¢ Maintain contacts. †¢ Guide emergency services. Stay calm – Your example can influence others and thereby aid the emergency response.Assess the situation – Determine what happened and what the emergency is. Look at the big picture. What has happened to whom and what will continue to happen if no action is taken? Try to identify the cause that must be controlled to eliminate immediate, ongoing, or further danger. Take command – The most senior person on the scene should take charge and call, or delegate someone to call, emergency services and explain the situation. Assign tasks for controlling the emergency. This action also helps to maintain order and prevent panic.Provide protection †“ Eliminate further losses and safeguard the area. Control the energy source causing the emergency. Protect victims, equipment, materials, environment, and accident scene from continuing damage or further hazards. Divert traffic, suppress fire, prevent objects from falling, shut down equipment or utilities, and take other necessary measures. Preserve the accident scene; only disturb what is essential to maintain life or relieve human suffering and prevent immediate or further losses. Aid and manage – Provide first aid or help those already doing so. Manage personnel at the scene.Organize the workforce for both a headcount and emergency assignments. Direct all workers to a safe location or command post. This makes it easier to identify the missing, control panic, and assign people to emergency duties. Dispatch personnel to guide emergency services on arrival. Maintain contact – Keep emergency services informed of situation. Contact utilities such as SNGPL, SSGPL, Elec tric Supply etc. where required. Alert management and keep them informed. Exercise increasing control over the emergency until immediate hazards are controlled or eliminated and causes can be identified.Guide Emergency Services – Meet services on site. Lead them to emergency scene. Explain ongoing and potential hazards and cause(s), if known. Sharing the Procedure To be effective, an Emergency Response Procedure must be clearly communicated to all site personnel. The following activities should be considered: †¢ Share the procedure with new site subcontractors and new workers to ensure that it covers their activities adequately. †¢ Share the procedure with suppliers to ensure that it covers any hazards that the storage or delivery of their materials might create. Share new work areas in operating plants with owner/client to ensure that new hazards are identified and covered in the procedure. †¢ Share the procedure with the Joint Health and Safety Committee or H ealth and Safety Representative on a regular basis to address new hazards or significant changes in site conditions. †¢ Place the procedure in a conspicuous location. The Emergency Response Procedure for a construction project must continually undergo review and revision to meet changing conditions. Post Emergency ConsiderationThe recovery process, or what happens after the emergency response has been completed, is a critical step in the plan. Many emergency tasks may be handled by people who are not accustomed to dealing with emergencies. People may have seen their work partners and friends badly injured and suffering great pain. Once the emergency is over, the attitude should not be â€Å"Okay, let’s get back to work† or â€Å"Let’s go home. † Some of the people involved may need assistance in order to recover. In some cases professional counselling may be needed.As part of site emergency planning, construction companies should have measures in pla ce to deal with post-traumatic stress. Local hospitals, ambulance services, and medical practitioners may be able to help. Debriefing is necessary to review how well the plan worked in the emergency and to correct any deficiencies that were identified. Debriefing is critical to the success of future emergency response planning. Conclusion Slow response, lack of resources, or the absence of trained personnel will lead to chaos in an emergency.To minimize human suffering and financial losses, all personnel must know their responsibilities under the emergency response plan. Remember – planning for emergencies should include the following points: 1) hazard identification/assessment 2) emergency resources 3) communication systems 4) administration of the plan 5) emergency response procedure 6) communication of the procedure 7) debriefing and post-traumatic stress procedure. The plan should be used to set emergency procedures, implement and communicate the procedures, and ensure th at any required training has been completed.The plan should also be evaluated regularly to ensure that it conforms to current operations and conditions. In any Emergency Response Procedure, the following steps are basic and essential: †¢ Stay calm. †¢ Assess the situation. †¢ Take command. †¢ Provide protection. †¢ Aid and manage. †¢ Maintain contact. †¢ Guide emergency services. Reader must keep in mind that these are generalized guidelines/procedure and not itself an Emergency Response Plan. The plan should be formulated keeping the specific conditions of the project in mind.Though these guideline/procedures are prepared for the professional involved in construction project, however these may serve as useful basis for Emergency Managers working in related sectors like manufacturing plants, quarry sites etc. References Write a manuscript (term-paper) on any article related to disaster response and recovery. Last date of submission is  31 March 2 012. But please must take into an account the following points, while writing the article. –  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The term-paper is an important part of the academic. –  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The article must be in the lines of the course/subject parameter, i. . , â€Å"Disaster Response and Recovery† –  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The article must be of 7-10 pages. Please don’t expand it by giving unnecessary discussion, be brief and to the point. –  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The article must be supported by at least 12 references at the end of the manuscript which should be arranged in alphabetic order, according to the given style;   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  For Journal Articles; Name of authors, (year), â€Å"Title of the article/paper†, Journal, volume, page, ISSN For Book/Thesis Articles; Name of authors, (year), â€Å"Title of the book/thesis†, (Publishers) For Conference Proceedings;Name of authors, (year with month), â€Å"Title of the article/paper† (Conference theme) For Web-page Articles; (Complete site detail, with date and time) For citation, please follow the given instructions; For one author,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   (Ali, 2012)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   For two authors,  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   (Ali and Usman, 2012)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   For three or more,  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   (Ali et al. 2012) O  Very important point:  Ã‚  Ã‚   The â€Å"Similarity Index† (plagiarism check) must  not exceed 15%. In case of more than 15% the article will be rejected and ZERO marks will be award for this activity. Good luck, wish you all the best ARSHAD